How a Left-for-Dead, $0.22 Crypto Asset Became a Lifeline for Activists

“It exists everywhere.”

That’s how Athens-based crypto enthusiast named “Sporos” describes faircoin – a tiny, $0.22 asset that in terms of daily trading volume, is barely a glitch on global cryptocurrency exchanges. Although it’s listed at number 1,134 on CoinMarketCap, faircoin users aren’t phased by the market’s disinterest.

Instead, they pride themselves on faircoin’s utility – which they say serves as nothing less than a lifeline.

“I haven’t used a bank in eight years,” Sporos told CoinDesk.

Sporos was speaking from the heart of Exarcheia, an anarchist stronghold in Athens, where he maintains a faircoin information center. One of several hundred similar stations around the world, the center is stocked with homemade products like soaps, honey, olive oils, teas and jewelry, all available for purchase in faircoin.

According to available data, there’s an estimated 624 such centers worldwide, each part of what Sporos calls the “faircoin ecosystem,” which includes a transportation sharing app, an AirBnB alternative and even a faircoin-based, tax-free financial institution called Bank of the Commons.

Within this network, Sporos refers to himself as a “node.” While typically referring to computers, in faircoin, a node is a human representative that forges links between local initiatives and the global faircoin community, also known as FairCoop.

And those that are part of this cooperative trade faircoin – even with its price on CoinMarketCap far lower – for a fixed €1.20. It’s a strict peg that was decided on by an assembly of faircoin users in January.

But while the valuation has been reduced on public cryptocurrency exchanges, Sporos argues the underlying infrastructure remains resilient.

He told CoinDesk:

“Even though if somebody looks at the market price and sees $0.22, and if you have €10,000 you can buy all the coins, and that’s it, even though we have this very low price, our real economy is the people.”

Abandoned project

Speaking to CoinDesk, Sporos described faircoin as “totally the opposite” of all other cryptocurrencies.

“Aside from the blockchain, which is the same technology, the rest, why it is there, the people who use it, the past and the future of it, is totally the opposite,” Sporos said.

Created in 2014, faircoin didn’t originate from its current community. Rather, the cryptocurrency was discovered online by anti-capitalist activist Enric Duran, having been abandoned by its original creator (who allegedly created it as a pump-and-dump scheme).

“Faircoin was just another coin somebody made,” Sporos told CoinDesk. “Some friends found this abandoned project, they liked the name, they bought the coins from here and there with their money, they acquired 50 million out of 52 million.”

A legendary activist, Duran is known for robbing nearly half a million euros in loans from Spanish banks in 2008, before founding a post-capitalist collective, the Catalan Integral Cooperative (CIC).

“What they wanted to do was use the legal system and find bureaucratic loopholes to create their own internal economy and structure outside of the state, where people can satisfy their basic needs,” bitcoin developer and early faircoin technical advisor, Amir Taaki, told CoinDesk.

From his site in the CIC, Duran organized the fledging faircoin community into an international body, named FairCoop, that seeks collaborations with groups that share similar ideas.

At the time of writing, “nearly one thousand freelancers, cooperatives, worker-run businesses and small companies accept faircoin for their work and services,” that serve up to “15,000 users in total,” Duran and a faircoin core developer that wished to remain anonymous told CoinDesk in a joint statement.

Simply providing “tools for political disobedience,” Sporos said that faircoin often works in tandem with other local currency efforts, providing economic tools for communities to differentiate themselves from state forces.

“Faircoin doesn’t have an objective. Whoever uses it has an objective,” Sporos said. “It’s not a community, it’s many communities, collectives, cooperatives, individuals, even people who use it not based on ideology, but just as a tool.”

He continued:

“It’s just a tool, just a tool to avoid taxes, states, banks, whoever is monitoring your private life.”

A trust-based system

Consisting of small, community-oriented efforts internationally, faircoin is distinguished from other cryptocurrencies by its emphasis on trust, which is a defining security characteristic of its blockchain.

“We as faircoin advocates believe that human trust networked relations and decentralized technologies as the blockchain can and should be combined,” Duran and the anonymous core developer continued.

Initially built on proof-of-stake, faircoin switched to a new way to protect its cryptocurrency in 2017, named “proof-of-cooperation” – an ultra light-weight consensus mechanism that runs on a set of 19 raspberry pies.

“The whole system runs on 60 watts, so two light bulbs,” Sporos told CoinDesk.

Seeking to disable the competitive nature of bitcoin mining, proof-of-cooperation requires that all 19 of these nodes must collaborate in order to validate a block – a task for which they’re paid for in transaction fees. Compared to other cryptocurrencies, at a mere 19 block-producing nodes, the underlying group responsible for keeping the network moving are less broadly distributed.

And that’s because, in order to become one of these nodes, faircoin deploys a social vetting process – intended to protect its economy from bad actors, like hackers or speculators.

The underlying block creators – comprised of what is known as a “cooperatively validated node” – must be approved by the FairCoop assembly, a network of roughly 280 faircoin users responsible for making decisions, to ensure their ideological commitment to the project.

For some, this means faircoin is vulnerable to centralization affects, such as censorship resistance, but according to Duran, cryptocurrencies like bitcoin are just as centralized, due to the relatively few companies that can participate in the mining process.

Plus, the developers emphasized that while block creation is essentially a federated process, anyone can run a full node to verify transactions are accurate.

But the trusted, human element underpinning the blockchain doesn’t stop there. For example, as well as agreeing on cooperatively validated nodes, the FairCoop assembly is responsible for making technical changes to the network, such as fees, block weight and other things, without requiring a system-wide upgrade, or hard fork.

Additionally, the majority of faircoin is held in a reserve that is managed by a small set of key holders. These key holders, also called “nodes,” are responsible for distributing the cryptocurrency to “small, dense communities” that use faircoin within their own local economies.

Social challenges

As such, there’s a high degree of social coordination that underpins the faircoin ecosystem, which Sporos described as “extremely challenging” given the diverse groups present within the international body.

“Human governance of things can be weak, complicated, can be conflicting, can be human,” he told CoinDesk.

For example, while faircoin seeks to maintain a stable exchange rate to protect against speculation, the cryptocurrency got swept up in the rising market prices last year, leading to a community decision to increase its valuation from €1.00 to €1.20.

Since then, the markets have plummeted, leading to the miscorrelation between its market price and local trade. As a result, the faircoin reserve has insufficient liquidity to properly manage the ecosystem, leading to a poor distribution of wealth among the networks of faircoin users.

The exact figures of the reserve aren’t discussed within the faircoin community (a source told CoinDesk that “no one can know” its contents, for fear the knowledge would be corrupting). But speaking to CoinDesk, faircoin enthusiast Matthew Slater described it as “critically low.”

“Faircoin’s stability is designed to remove market risk, but in the case of a crash it’s the reserve that takes the hit,” Slater said.

While the fixed price was originally increased due to rising markets – the cryptocurrency was officially priced at a mere €0.05 for a number of years – Sporos told CoinDesk that while it’s okay to increase the exchange rate “you cannot go back.”

“Everything will crumble down. It’s not economically rational. Exactly because you are committed to acknowledge the official price. That’s why you cannot go back,” he said.

Slater, an economist theorist, took a similar stance, citing “psychological reasons” for not bringing down the exchange rate.

“It’s governed by people that don’t fully understand the market characteristics,” Slater contended, adding: “There’s an attempt to create an alternative economy but it cannot fully disengage from capitalism.”

Additionally, the small set of nodes that underlies the blockchain comes with its own problematics. For example, the nodes need to be online constantly in order to function – so if a node operator drops off grid, the blockchain will stop processing transactions.

But according to Sporos, while the social coordination is at times highly challenging, it’s precisely this grounding in the human condition that gives faircoin its strength.

“Tomorrow if an electromagnetic storm wipes out the worlds hard disks, the guys who have bitcoins will not have any wealth the next day,” Sporos said, concluding:  

“Even in the super crash, we just turn off the fucking blockchain nodes and use our telephones. ‘Hey brother, hey comrade, hey compañero.’ That’s what we do. So this is the real economy, the real wealth, it’s relations and trust.”

Faircoin image via Facebook

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